2016-05-09

python模块tkinter的常用控件1

1. Label

# .config(**options)
label = tkinter.Label(
    root,
    text = "this is a label text 测试",
    bg = "green", # background
    fg = "red", # foreground
    font = ("arial",15),
    width = 20,
    height = 5,
    activebackground = 'blue', # with the state option
    activeforeground = "purple",
    anchor = 'ne', # (center)where in the label the text should be located.
    # bitmap =
    borderwidth = 10, # bd
    compound = 'top', # (center)Controls how to combine text and image in the label
    # cursor =
    disabledforeground = "red",
    highlightbackground = "blue",
    highlightcolor = "green",
    highlightthickness = 2,
    # image =
    justify = 'center', # Defines how to align multiple lines of text ,right,left,center
    padx = 10,
    pady = 10,
    relief = 'ridge', # (flat),sunken,raised,groove
    state = 'normal', # active,disabled
    # takefocus =
    # textvariable =
    underline = 1, # (-1)
    wraplength = 100
)
label.pack(side="left")

2. Frame

# .config(**options)
frame = tkinter.Frame(
    root,
    bg = "red",
    width = 400,
    height = 600,
    # colormap =
    # container =
    # cursor =
    # class =
    bd = 2,
    # highlightbackground =
    # highlightcolor =
    # highlightthickness =
    relief = 'sunken', # flat,sunken,raised,groove,ridge
    # takefocus =
    # visual =
    padx = 10,
    pady = 10
)
frame.pack()

3. Entry

# .config(**options)
value = tkinter.StringVar()
entry = tkinter.Entry(
    root,
    width = 200,
    bg = "#222222",
    fg = "yellow",
    bd = 20,
    textvariable = value,
    # cursor =
    # disabledbackground =
    # disabledforeground =
    font = ("arial",15),
    exportselection = True, #selected text is automatically exported to the clipboard.
    # highlightbackground =
    # highlightcolor =
    # highlightthickness =
    insertbackground = "blue", # Color used for the insertion cursor.
    insertborderwidth = 10,
    insertofftime = 1000, # Together with insertontime, this option controls cursor blinking. Both values are given in milliseconds.
    insertontime = 1000,
    insertwidth = 20,
    justify = "right", # right,left,center
    # invalidcommand =
    # invcmd =
    readonlybackground = "orange", # The background color to use when the state is “readonly”.
    relief = "groove", # flat,raised,ridge,sunken
    selectbackground = "black",
    selectborderwidth = 2,
    selectforeground = "white",
    show = "", # Controls how to display the contents of the widget.
    state = "normal", # disabled,readonly
    # takefocus =
    validate = "none" # focusin,focusout,focus
    # validatecommand =
    # vcmd = # same as validatecommand
    # xscrollcommand = # Used to connect an entry field to a horizontal scrollbar. This option should be set to the set method of the corresponding scrollbar.
)
value2 = value.get()
value.set("hello python ...")
entry.focus_set()
entry.delete(0,2)
entry.icursor(3) # Moves the insertion cursor to the given index.
index = entry,index(2) # Gets the numerical position corresponding to the given index.
entry.insert(0,"aaaaaa")
# scan_dragto(x), # Sets the scanning anchor for fast horizontal scrolling to the given mouse coordinate.
# scan_mark(x),# Scrolls the widget contents sideways according to the given mouse coordinate. The text is moved 10 times the distance between the scanning anchor and the new position.
#
# select_adjust(index) [#]
# Same as selection_adjust.
#
# select_clear() [#]
# Same as selection_clear.
#
# select_from(index) [#]
# Same as selection_from.
#
# select_present() [#]
# Same as selection_present.
#
# select_range(start, end) [#]
# Same as selection_range.
#
# select_to(index) [#]
# Same as selection_to.
#
# selection_adjust(index)
# Adjusts the selection to include also the given character. If index is already selected, do nothing.
#
# selection_clear()
# Clears the selection.
#
# selection_from(index)
# Starts a new selection. This also sets the ANCHOR index.
#
# selection_present()
# Checks if text is selected.
#
# lection_range(start, end)
# Explicitly sets the selection range. Start must be smaller than end. Use selection_range(0, END) to select all text in the widget.
#
# selection_to(index)
# Selects all text between ANCHOR and the given index.
#
# xview(index)
# Makes sure the given index is visible. The entry view is scrolled if necessary.
#
# xview_moveto(fraction)
# Adjusts the entry view so that the given offset is at the left edge of the canvas. Offset 0.0 is the beginning of the entry string, 1.0 the end.
#
# xview_scroll(number, what)
# Scrolls the entry view horizontally by the given amount.
entry.pack()

4. Text

# .config(**options)
# Text
text = tkinter.Text(
    # maxundo =
    # relief =
    # setgrid = #Default value is 0.
    # spacing1 = # Default value is 0.
    # spacing2 = Default value is 0.
    # spacing3 = # Default value is 0.
    # state = # Default value is NORMAL.
    # tabs = # No default value.
    # takefocus= # No default value.
    # undo = # Default is 0.
    # wrap = #Default value is CHAR.
    # xscrollcommand =
    # yscrollcommand =
)
# text.tag_config("a", foreground="blue", underline=1)
# text.tag_bind("Enter>", show_hand_cursor)
# text.tag_bind("Leave>", show_arrow_cursor)
# text.tag_bind("Button-1>", click)
# text.config(cursor="arrow")
# text.insert("insert", "click here!", "a")
# text.tag_config("n", background="yellow", foreground="red")
# text.tag_config("a", foreground="blue")
# text.insert("contents", ("n", "a"))
# text.insert("end","aaa") # end,current,insert,sel_first,sel_last
# text.insert(1.0,'0123456789\n') # x.y
# text.insert("1.end",'zzz') # x.end
text.pack()

5. Button

def call():
    print("call pressed ...")
button = tkinter.Button(
    root,
    command = call,
    # default = # If set, the button is a default button. Tkinter will indicate this by drawing a platform specific indicator (usually an extra border). The default is DISABLED (no default behavior).
    # overrelief = # Alternative relief to use when the mouse is moved over the widget. If empty, always use the relief value.
)
button.flash() # Flash the button. This method redraws the button several times, alternating between active and normal appearance.
button.invoke() # Call the command associated with the button.
button.pack()

6. Checkbutton

# config(**options)
val = tkinter.StringVar()
def cbcall():
    val.set(val.get()+"...")
    print (val.get())
checkButton = tkinter.Checkbutton(
    root,
    text = "color",
    variable = val,
    onvalue = "blue",
    offvalue ="none",
    command = cbcall
)
# deselect() # Deselects the checkbox; that is, sets the value to offvalue.
# flash() # Redraws the button several times, alternating between active and normal appearance.
# invoke() # Calls the command associated with the button.
# select() # Selects the button; that is, sets the value to onvalue.
# toggle() # Toggles the button.
checkButton.pack()

7. Rudiobutton

# config(**options)
val = tkinter.StringVar()
def radcall():
    print(val.get())
r1 = tkinter.Radiobutton(
    root,
    text = "one",
    variable = val, # the value of the value
    # textvariable = # the value of the text
    value = "one1",
    command = radcall
)
r1.pack()
r2 = tkinter.Radiobutton(
    root,
    text = "two",
    variable = val,
    value = "two2",
    command = radcall
)
r2.pack()
# deselect() # Deselects the button.
# flash() # Redraws the button a couple of times, alternating between active and normal appearance. This can be useful when debugging, or to indicate when some other user action has activate the button.
# invoke() # Calls the command associated with the button.
# select() # Selects the button.

8. Listbox

# config(**options)
listbox = tkinter.Listbox(
    root,
    selectmode = "extended", # browse
    activestyle = "underline",
    # exportselection =
    # listvariable =
    # xscrollcommand =
    # yscrollcommand =
)
listbox.pack()
for x in [x*2 for x in range(10)]:
    listbox.insert("end",x)
# lb.bind("<Double-Button-1>", self.ok)
# activate(index)
# bbox(self, index)
# curselection()
# delete(first, last=None)
# get(first, last=None)
# index(index)
# insert(index, *elements)
# itemconfig(index, **options)
# selection_anchor(index) # Sets the selection anchor to the given index. The anchor can be refered to using the ANCHOR index.
# selection_clear(first, last=None) # Removes one or more items from the selection.
# selection_includes(index) # Checks if an item is selected.
# selection_set(first, last=None) # Adds one or more items to the selection.
# size()
# xview(column, *extra) # Controls horizontal scrolling.
# yview(*what)
# yview_scroll(number, what)
# xview_scroll(number, what)
# yview_moveto(fraction)
# xview_moveto(fraction)